Techniques

Reranker

A second-stage model that re-scores retrieved candidates to improve final ranking quality in RAG.

A reranker is a model that takes the top-N candidates from a fast retriever (usually vector search or BM25) and re-scores them using a more expensive but more accurate model — typically a cross-encoder. The output is a re-ordered, higher-quality shortlist for the LLM to consume.

Rerankers are the single highest-ROI addition to a RAG pipeline. Retrieval alone routinely returns 50–70% relevant chunks; reranking pushes that to 85–95% at modest additional cost.

Popular rerankers include Cohere Rerank, BGE-reranker, and cross-encoder models on Hugging Face. The trade-off: reranking N candidates costs N model calls, so N is typically kept between 20 and 100.

Key points

  • Sits between fast retrieval and the LLM
  • Cross-encoders are more accurate but more expensive than dense retrieval
  • Typical N: retrieve top-100, rerank to top-5–10 for the LLM
  • Cohere Rerank and BGE-reranker are strong off-the-shelf choices

Common use cases

Improving RAG answer quality without changing the base LLM
Search relevance uplift on enterprise knowledge bases
Question-answering pipelines with strict citation quality requirements

Frequently asked

Related terms

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